NECO GEOGRAPHY THEORY AND OBJECTIVES 2020

NECO GEOGRAPHY THEORY AND
OBJECTIVES 2020

Neco Geography Questions and Answers for 2020 will be posted here


Geo-Obj!
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THEORY-ANSWERS
(1ai)
Relief; the relief of the mapped area
(kashimbila N.W) can be described as
follows
(i)A dissected plateaus is found of the
north central area of the map which
extended to the Central area.
(ii)The eastern , western and southern areas
of the mapped area are mainly lowlands
with the lowest height of 500m above see
level
(1aii)
Drainage pattern; this can be described in
the the following ways
(i)the main river is the katsina ala given and
other minor ones that empty their water
into it e;g mku,agbadi,apipo,abagu,kangi,
etc . The direction of flow of river katsina -
Ala is from north-west to south - east on
the map .
(ii)the drainage pattern of the mapped area
is dendritic.
(1aiii)
Settlement; the settlement pattern of the
mapped area is displeased on scalloped
settlement. That is the building are far from
each other with few social amenities.
(1b)
The development of given katsina - ala in
these stages there are the youthful and
matured and old age stages.
The youthful stage mark the source of river
katsina - ala at bamenda highlands with a
V-shape valley. The matured stage of the
rivers is characterized by meanders and U-
shape valley. The old stage leads to the
mouth of given katsina - ala (I;e when it
empties its water to river benue)
The reasons for the above cycles of
development of given katsina - ala are;
(i)Vertical erosion at the youthful stage
(ii)Lateral erosion and transportation at the
matured stage
(iii)Deposition of materials at the old age
stage.
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(2a)
(i)changing of the seasons not same
temperature in different parts of the Earth
(ii)change of the length of the Day and
Night during the year
(iii)change of the position of the midday
sun and night during the year and in the
different parts of the Earth
(iv)Change of the lunar eclipse and marking
of the year.
(2bi)
(i)Equinox refers to a day with an equal
duration of day and night. We have two
equinoxes in a year which are:
-Spring equinox on March 20
-Autumnal equinox on September 22
-Examples-
(i)It could be spring or autumnal.
(ii)It is equal lengths of day and night
(iii)the days and nights are equal
(2bii)
Solstice is refers to a day with either the
longest day or the shortest. The two
solstices in a year are:
-Winter solstice on December 22
-Summer solstice on June 21
-Examples-
(i)It could be summer or winter
(ii)It is unequal length of day and night
(iii)The days are longer in summer and
shorter in winter.
(2c)
(i)Because the changes in hours of daylight
and in temperature caused by
revolution and tilt lead to the yearly change
of seasons at middle latitudes. If Earth’s
axis were perpendicular to its plane of orbit,
seasons would not
occur. In addition, every place on Earth’s
surface would experience 12 hours
of daylight and 12 hours of darkness every
day. On the other hand, if Earth’s
axis were tilted more than 23.5°, each
hemisphere would experience hotter
summers and colder winters.
(ii)Because On the first day of summer,
every point on Earth within 23.5° of the
North Pole experiences 24 hours of
daylight. The boundary of this region,
at latitude 66.5° N, is the Arctic Circle. On
June 21 in the Southern
Hemisphere, every point south of the
Antarctic Circle (latitude 66.5° S )
experiences 24 hours of darkness.
(iii)Because The hemisphere tilted toward
the sun receives more direct sunlight and
thus has warmer temperatures and longer
days. The hemisphere tilted
away from the sun receives indirect
sunlight. That hemisphere has cooler
temperatures and shorter days. In other
words it changes the summer to be warm
and bright and also changes it to be Winter.
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(3ai)
MODE OF FORMATION
Metamorphic rocks are formed from pre-
existing igneous or sedimentary rocks which
have been changed and pressure. The
original character and appearance may be
greatly altered or changed by such forces
eg clay to slate , Limestone to marble
(3aii)
(i) Some may occur in layers or strata
(ii) They may be hard or soft
(iii) They are not crystalline in nature
(iv) May contain Fossil
(v) Exist in different colours and textures
(3b)
(i) Sources of minerals: Some rocks are
sources of minerals such gold, diamond,
Limestone, petroleum which can be
exported to provide foreign exchange
(ii) Tourist centre: Huge rock masses serve
as tourist attraction eg Olumo rock in
Abeokuta
(iii) Construction purposes: Some rocks like
granite and sand stone are used for road,
bridge and building construction after they
have been quarried
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(7a)
Environmental conservation is the practice
of us humans saving the environment from
the loss of species, and the destruction of
the ecosystem, primarily due to pollution
and human activities.
(7b)
(i)Water
(ii)oil
(iii)coal
(iv)iron
(7c)
(i)Recycling; This is a process by which the
life of resource is extended by means of
recycling it or reusing it as an input or
output. This is applicable only to on-energy
resources, since the use of a material as an
energy resource results in its useless
dissipation into the atmosphere. In other
words Reprocessing of unwanted products
(e.g. newspapers, scrap metals, glass and
sewage etc.).
(ii)Waste Reduction; waste reduction, it will
automatically ensure lesser exploitation of
resources. Waste reduction can be achieved
by appropriately redesigning industrial
processes, so that there will be
technological efficiency in utilizing the
resource and avoidance of waste to the
minimum. In other words Further, the waste
of one industry can be used as the raw
material of another industry.
(iii)Material Substitution: the use of a
material resource can be restricted by
finding an alternative resource. The problem
in this is that many materials have extensive
uses and also joint uses. In other words the
copper sheet can be substituted by
aluminium, which at the same time would
reduce demand for soldering agents made
from and lead. Aluminium is being
extensively substituted for tin, particularly,
in the production of metal cans and
containers.
(iv)Rewilding; Allowing areas to restore
themselves naturally without interference by
humans (except possible species
reintroduction)
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(8a)
(i)Location; The spatial location of features
are defined by coordinates in a specific
reference system. In other words they are
represented by points, lines or polygons
and geometry of the three dimensional
representation in space.
(ii)Data Quality; it refers to the credibility
and accuracy of the data or more generally
how good the data is. In other words
quantitative quality relates to measurable
components such as spatial accuracy. And
the qualitative quality consists of those
non-measured components, which usually
relates to the entire data set and not to
specific objects.
(iii)Generalization; relates to the level of
scale and details associated with the object.
Objects may be aggregated from larger to
lower scale, while the opposite process is
very limited. For example, if the countries
layer can be aggregated into a states layer
but opposite cannot be accomplished
without external data.
(iv)Entity versus field based data; The world
can be represented as a set of discrete
entities such as forests, rivers, roads and
buildings.This is refereed to as the Entity
based approach. In other words the field-
based approach represents the world as a
continuous function with attributes that
vary in space. Natural phenomena such as
air pollution distribution and terrain may be
the best represented using this approach.
(8b)
Tabulate.
-Advantage-
(i)It has the ability of improving the
organizational integration. GIS would then
integrate software, hardware and also data
in order to capture, analyse, manage and so
display all forms of information being
geographically referenced.
(ii)GIS would also allow viewing,
questioning, understanding, visualizing and
interpreting the data into numbers of ways
which will reveal relationships, trends and
patterns in the form of globes, maps,
charts and reports.
-Disadvantage-
(i)GIS technology might be considered as
expensive software.
(ii)It as well requires enormous data inputs
amount that are needed to be practical for
some other tasks and so the more data that
is to put in.
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